Overview: 21 Disabilities & WHO

1

Blindness

Blindness is a lack of vision. It may also refer to a loss of vision that cannot be corrected with glasses or contact lenses. Partial blindness means you have very limited vision. Complete blindness means you cannot see anything and do not see light. (Most people who use the term "blindness" mean complete blindness.)

Sensory Disability

2

Low-vision

A person with low vision is one who has impairment of visual functioning even after treatment and/or standard refractive correction, and has a visual acuity of less than 6/18 to light perception, or a visual field of less than 10 degree from the point of fixation, but who uses, or is potentially able to use, vision for planning and/or execution of a task.

Sensory Disability

3

Leprosy Cured Persons

According to the Persons with Disabilities Act of 1995 a "leprosy cured person" means any person who has been cured of leprosy but is suffering from:

i. loss of sensation in hands or feet as well as loss of sensation and paresis in the eye and eye-lid but with no manifest deformity;

ii. manifest deformity and paresis but having sufficient mobility in their hands and feet to enable them to engage in normal economic activity;

iii. extreme physical deformity as well as advanced age which prevents the undertaking of  gainful occupation; and the expression "leprosy cured" shall be construed accordingly.

Physical & Sensory Disability

4

Hearing Impairment

Hearing impairment or deafness covers are terms we use to refer to someone who has some level of hearing loss – but this level can vary greatly.

Sensory Disability

5

Locomotor Disability

According to the Persons with Disabilities Act of 1995 "Locomotor disability" means disability of the bones, joints or muscles leading to substantial restriction of the movement of the limbs or any form of cerebral palsy.

Physical Disability

6

Dwarfism

Dwarfism is short stature that results from a genetic or medical condition. Dwarfism is generally defined as an adult height of 4 feet 10 inches (147 centimeters) or less. The average adult height among people with dwarfism is 4 feet (122 cm). Many different medical conditions cause dwarfism.

Physical Disability

7

Intellectual Disability

Intellectual disability means a significantly reduced ability to understand new or complex information and to learn and apply new skills (impaired intelligence). This results in a reduced ability to cope independently (impaired social functioning), and begins before adulthood, with a lasting effect on development.

Intellectual Disability

8

Mental Illness

Mental illnesses are health conditions involving changes in emotion, thinking or behavior (or a combination of these). Mental illnesses are associated with distress and/or problems functioning in social, work or family activities. Mental illness is common.

Psychosocial Disability

9

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental condition involving persistent challenges with social communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behavior.

Psychosocial Disability

10

Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of disorders that affect a person's ability to move and maintain balance and posture. CP is the most common motor disability in childhood. Cerebral means having to do with the brain. Palsy means weakness or problems with using the muscles.

Physical Disability

11

Muscular Dystrophy

Muscular dystrophy is a group of diseases that cause progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass. In muscular dystrophy, abnormal genes (mutations) interfere with the production of proteins needed to form healthy muscle.

Physical Disability

12

Chronic Neurological Conditions

Neurological disorders are medically defined as disorders that affect the brain as well as the nerves found throughout the human body and the spinal cord. Structural, biochemical or electrical abnormalities in the brain, spinal cord or other nerves can result in a range of symptoms.

Chronic Disability

13

Specific Learning Disabilities

A specific learning difficulty (SpLD) is a difference or difficulty with some particular aspects of learning. The most common SpLDs are Dyslexia, Dyspraxia, Attention Deficit Disorder/ Attention Deficit (Hyperactivity) Disorder, Dyscalculia and Dysgraphia.

Psychosocial Disability

14

Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease affecting the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord). MS occurs when the immune system attacks nerve fibers and myelin sheathing (a fatty substance which surrounds/insulates healthy nerve fibers) in the brain and spinal cord.

Physical Disability

15

Speech and Language Disability

Disorders can include the loss of ability to express or understand language, problems making certain sounds or words (for example, slurring) and changes to the rhythm or speed of speech.

Psychological Disability

16

Thalassemia

Thalassemia is an inherited (i.e., passed from parents to children through genes) blood disorder caused when the body doesn't make enough of a protein called hemoglobin, an important part of red blood cells. Symptoms vary, but mostly physical if not treated.

Chronic & Physical Disability

17

Hemophilia

Hemophilia is usually an inherited bleeding disorder in which the blood does not clot properly. This can lead to spontaneous bleeding as well as bleeding following injuries or surgery. Blood contains many proteins called clotting factors that can help to stop bleeding.

Chronic & Physical Disability

18

Sickle Cell Disease

An inherited disease in which the red blood cells have an abnormal crescent shape, block small blood vessels, and do not last as long as normal red blood cells. Can cause episodes of pain, weakness, or fatigue.

Chronic Disability

19

Multiple Disabilities including Deaf-blindness

Multiple disabilities means concomitant impairments (such as intellectual disability-blindness or intellectual disability-orthopedic impairment), the combination of which causes such severe educational needs that they cannot be accommodated in special education programs solely for one of the impairments.

*depends on the multiple disabilities in given case

20

Acid Attack Victims

According to RPWD Act 2016, an acid attack victim means a person disfigured due to violent assaults by throwing of acid or similar corrosive substance.

*more information on possible implications

Physical, Sensory & Psychosocial Disability

21

Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson's disease is a condition that affects the brain. It causes problems like shaking and stiffness that get worse over time. The main symptoms of Parkinson's disease are shaking (tremors), slow movements and stiffness.

Physical Disability